Constitutional Monarchy Definition and Examples

A constitutional monarchy is a form of government in which a monarch—typically a king or queen—acts as the head of state within the parameters of a written or unwritten constitution. In a constitutional monarchy, political power is shared between the monarch and a constitutionally organized government such as a parliament. Constitutional monarchies are the opposite of absolute monarchies, in which the monarch holds all power over the government and the people. Along with the United Kingdom, a few examples of modern constitutional monarchies include Canada, Sweden, and Japan. Key Takeaways: Constitutional Monarchy A constitutional monarchy is a form of government in which a non-elected monarch functions as the head of state within the limits of a constitution.Political power in a constitutional monarchy is shared between the monarch and an organized government such as the British Parliament.A constitutional monarchy is the opposite of an absolute monarchy in which the monarch has total power over the government and the people. Power Distribution in a Constitutional Monarchy Similar to the way in which the powers and duties of the President of the United States are described in the U.S. Constitution, the powers of the monarch, as the head of state, are enumerated in the constitution of a constitutional monarchy. In most constitutional monarchies, the monarchs’ political powers, if any, are very limited and their duties are mostly ceremonial. Instead, real governmental power is exercised by a parliament or similar legislative body overseen by a prime minister. While the monarch may be recognized as the â€Å"symbolic† head of state, and the government might technically function in the name of the queen or king, the prime minister actually governs the country. Indeed, it has been said that the monarch of a constitutional monarchy is, â€Å"A sovereign who reigns but does not rule.† As a compromise between placing blind trust in a lineage of kings and queens who have inherited their power, and a belief in the political wisdom of the people being ruled, modern constitutional monarchies are usually a blend of the monarchal rule and representative democracy.  Ã‚   Besides serving as a living symbol of national unity, pride and tradition, the constitutional monarch may—depending on the constitution—have the power to disband the current parliamentary government or to give royal consent to the actions of the parliament. Using England’s constitution as an example, British political scientist Walter Bagehot listed the three main political rights available to a constitutional monarch: â€Å"the right to be consulted, the right to encourage, and the right to warn.† Constitutional vs. Absolute Monarchy Constitutional Monarchy A constitutional monarchy is a blended form of government in which a king or queen with limited political power rules in combination with a legislative governing body such as a parliament representing the desires and opinions of the people.   Absolute Monarchy An absolute monarchy is a form of government in which a king or queen rules with total unchallenged and unchecked political and legislative power. Based on the ancient concept of the â€Å"Divine Right of Kings† suggesting that kings derived their authority from God, absolute monarchies operate under the political theory of absolutism. Today the only remaining pure absolute monarchies are Vatican City, Brunei, Swaziland, Saudi Arabia, and Oman. After the signing of the Magna Carta in 1512, constitutional monarchies began to supplant absolute monarchies for a combination of similar reasons, including their often weak or tyrannical kings and queens, failure to provide funds for pressing public needs, and refusal to address valid grievances of the people.   Current Constitutional Monarchies Today, the world’s 43 constitutional monarchies are members of the Commonwealth of Nations, a 53-nation intergovernmental support organization headed by the sitting monarch of the United Kingdom. Some of the best-recognized examples of these modern constitutional monarchies include the governments of the United Kingdom, Canada, Sweden, and Japan. The United Kingdom Made up of England, Wales, Scotland, and Northern Ireland, the United Kingdom is a constitutional monarchy, in which the queen or king is the head of state, while an appointed prime minister leads the government in the form of the British Parliament. Bestowed with all lawmaking powers, the Parliament is composed of the House of Commons, the members of which are elected by the people, and the House of Lords made up members who have either been appointed or have inherited their seats. 28th September 1952: Princess Elizabeth watching her son Prince Charles playing in his toy car while at Balmoral. Lisa Sheridan / Getty Images Canada While the monarch of the United Kingdom also serves as Canada’s head of state, the Canadian people are governed by an elected prime minister and a legislative parliament. In the Canadian parliament, all laws are proposed by a popularly-elected House of Commons and must be approved by the royally-appointed Senate.   Sweden The King of Sweden, while the head of state, lacks any defined political power and serves a largely ceremonial role. All lawmaking power is vested in the Riksdag, a single-chambered legislative body composed of democratically elected representatives.   Japan In the world’s most populous constitutional monarchy, the Emperor of Japan has no constitutional role in the government and is relegated to ceremonial duties. Created in 1947 during the country’s post-World War II U.S. occupation, Japan’s constitution provides for a government structure similar to that of the United States. Newlywed Prince and Princess Hitachi pose at the doorway of the imperial Palace. Bettmann Archive / Getty Images The executive branch is overseen by a royally-appointed prime minister who controls the government. The legislative branch, called the National Diet, is a popularly-elected, bicameral body composed of a House of Councillors and a House of Representatives. The Japanese Supreme Court and several lower courts make up a judicial branch, which functions independently of the executive and legislative branches. Sources Bogdanor, Vernon (1996). The Monarchy and the Constitution. Parliamentary Affairs, Oxford University Press.Constitutional Monarchy. British Monarchist League.Dunt, Ian, ed. (2015). Monarchy: What is a Monarchy? politics.co.ukLearning with the Times: 7 nations still under absolute monarchy. (Nov. 10, 2008) The Times of India

Effects Of The Panic Of 1837 - 1681 Words

The panic of 1837 was arguably more devastating than the depression of the 1930’s, yet less well known. During the period of roughly 7 years between 1837 and the mid 1840’s the U.S. economy underwent massive economic hardships and consequences which many economists ultimately believe helped lead to the American civil war in 1861. Causes for the panic include: government policies, speculative lending practices, decline in cotton prices, a collapsing land bubble, international cash flow and restrictive lending policies (Wiki). Historians believe that it was Jackson s policies that lead to the inflationary boom and the Panic of 1837, which suspended the convertibility of paper money into specie. Historians point the finger to three of Jackson s policies. The first was Jackson s veto of a bill to recharter the second Bank of the United States, in 1832. The federal reserves of the Bank of the United States were distributed to the state-chartered banks that were favored by Ja ckson. Historians believe that this led to the reserve ratio being reduced because there was no central bank regulating the banks. This led to an increase in the money supply and inflation (Sylla). The second policy was the Deposit Act of 1836, which was the distribution of the surplus in paper money to the states, after the National Debt was paid (Sylla, Rothbard 99). This extra money caused an increase in spending by the states (Rothbard 100). The last policy led to the Panic of 1837; the SpecieShow MoreRelatedAmerica s First Great Depression : Economic Crisis And Political Disorder Essay856 Words   |  4 Pages Alasdair Roberts book entitled America s First Great Depression: Economic Crisis and Political Disorder After The Panic of 1837 introduces the reader to challenges the United States dealt with in terms of economic and political crisis. 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Inflation was a problem and the Second Bank of America had made withdrew excessive amount of money. Many Banks began to accept money that would be consider hard money which consisted of gold and silver these actions would cause many Americans to become extremely suspicious. The rapid growth of the U.S economy during the Market revolution would also affect theRead MoreTwo Party System in U.S. Essay example687 Words   |  3 Pagespolitical divisions had occurred one part due to Jacksons veto of the re-chartering of the Bank of the United States, the Ta riff of Abominations, and the disastrous effects the Panic of 1837 had on the economy. Jacksons veto of the Maysville Road Bill and South Carolinas nullification of the Tariff of Abominations had an enormous effect on the separations of political support as they pertained to states rights. 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Bag of Bones AUTHOR’S NOTE Free Essays

To an extent, this novel deals with the legal aspects of child custody in the State of Maine. I asked for help in understanding this subject from my friend Warren Silver, who is a fine attorney. Warren guided me carefully, and along the way he also told me about a quaint old device called the Stenomask, which I immediately appropriated for my own fell purposes. We will write a custom essay sample on Bag of Bones AUTHOR’S NOTE or any similar topic only for you Order Now If I’ve made procedural mistakes in the story which follows, blame me, not my legal resource. Warren also asked me–rather plaintively if I could maybe put a ‘good’ lawyer in my book. All I can say is that I did my best in that regard. Thanks to my son Owen for technical support in Woodstock, New York, and to my friend (and fellow Rock Bottom Remainder) Ridley Pearson for technical support in Ketchum, Idaho. Thanks to Pam Dorman for her sympathetic and perceptive reading of the first draft. Thanks to Chuck Verrill for a monumental editing job–your personal best, Chuck. Thanks to Susan Moldow, Nan Graham, Jack Roman s, and Carolyn Reidy at Scribner for care and feeding. And thanks to Tabby, who was there for me again when things got hard. I love you, hon. S.K. Yes, Bartleby, stay there behind your screen, thought I; I shall persecute you no more; you are harmless and noiseless as any of these old chairs; in short, I never feel so private as when I know you are here. ‘Bartleby’ HERMAN MELVILLE Last night I dreamt I went to Manderley again . . . As I stood there, hushed and still, I could swear that the house was not an empty shell but lived and breathed as it had lived before. Rebecca DAPHNE DU MAURIER Mars is heaven. RAY BRADBURY How to cite Bag of Bones AUTHOR’S NOTE, Essay examples

Professional Leadership in the Early Years

Question: Describe about policy affects and the testing procedures. Answer: Professionalism is a modern matter, which obtains high education in early year education. As a professional working with young children is not just about gathering morals is about the desire and approach of early years educators. Professionalism includes knowledge regarding skills, methods, procedures, information and training for the development of early childhood (Chiu, 2010). The North west district of Manchester include the ward of Crumpsall. Crumpsall have higher rate of children born with low birth weight compared with Manchester and need to be special care. Mothers Angles is among one of childcare playschool located in Crumpsall. About Mothers Angles The mothers Angles is a private preschool that runs from Crumpsall Manchester. Its a day care and have a maximum strength of 26 children to ensure maximum attention to each child. Mothers Angles gave focus on the knowledge of child development. For maintaining their standard they have 3 or 4 staff with one cook and a cleaner. This preschool has playrooms and play areas for kids with basic facilities and kitchens where cooks prepare healthy and tasty foods for kids. Both cook and cleaner are full time workers and rest staff take care kids such that every kid gets full attention. Leadership and multi-professionalism in Mothers Angles Having knowledge of child growth helps in creating a healthy environment and provides guidance in planning different activities (Elfer, 2012). Professional teachers from Mothers Angles do following activities- Do timely planning and staff meetings such that they can work in a more coordinated manner, well informed about the guidelines, understands each one tasks and the activities to support child health development. They practice for self-regulation and acquiring skills and training which helps them to understand the correct measures to help kids. They carefully monitor kids activity such that they do not get abused anywhere, ensures their safety and proper mental development. They understand what should be done in case of any emergency. The manager gives proper instructions to the cleaner to maintain the neat and hygienic environment in an institution. One staff member has the responsibility to take care of proper safety rules. Proper records of each and every child are most in which his physical and overall status must be maintained. Staff know more than one language and they teach kids their mother tongue and English language to enhance their communication skills and be a part of main stream easily. They conduct programs and invite external child professionals such that kids learn through their innovative activities. This helps the staff to learn and incorporate in their curriculum which is called experimental leaning. They conduct camp to have routine check-up of every kid and also call a child psychologist to understanding kids behavior. In case of any issues, kids parents are informed. Professional staff encourages the child to develop the feeling of sharing and togetherness. Professional staff explains kids about the families, give equal opportunities to the families of children in regards to their culture and needs, organizing events for families and take proper feedback and appreciates their suggestions (Chapparamani and Jyothi, 2011). Wider political and economic climate Young children are the future of a nation and to give the strong atmosphere is the responsibility of Government also. Many nations organize programs, conferences for improving early years knowledge. In 2004 the UN establishes committee for the implementing younger right in early stage (Bush, 2012). The attitude of a human being is directly influenced by the atmosphere they live and grow. Younger kids influenced by what they see in their surroundings. The political and economic factors, at their level of education also affect the younger in growth and development. The youngers those belong to poor family have a lower intellectual aids and also lack of social behavior.The mental level of younger kids who lives in a poor economic condition is generally affected. Younger ones are not directly affected by political factors, but various conditions regarding younger childs rights, benefits, taxes and other conditions affect the kids life harshly. In England a non-ministerial department is there i.e. OFSTED, its a department of education and employment. The reports that are made by the members of his department, published in newspapers and on the web. The reports are transparent and it shows the negative as well as positive points of work in schools (Munn, 2009). The Government is trying to deliver clear guidance how to improve the quality of early child services through the publication of these reports. The other program in England EYDCP, Early Years Development and Childcare Partnership, which looks that child information will play an important aspect in evaluating the approaches. EYDCP plan to design the development of childcare places, by doing Childcare Audit. On the basis of EYDCP audit Government grant funds, supporting for training and quality of childcare (Nicholson and Maniates, 2015). The DFES research includes- -The calculation of programmes related to early childhood. -The calculation of cost of childhood provision. -Research based on different caste, ethics, and the ability for the services provided to childhood. -Research on various method and learning adopted by professionals. Response to Curriculum Previous Government establishes curriculum for all schools serving ages 5-16 but it was not working as a desired result as the main priority of the Government is to develop the growth of young ones and for this they have to cheat proper curriculum and for this in September 2000 QCA, Qualification and Curriculum Authority established (Oberhuemer, 2013). QCA objective is not the curriculum, but to help the early years professionals to create suitable curriculum. Mothers Angles belief in Every Child Matters Every Child Matters was a policy for children by England Government., and Mothers Angle is running accordingly. The main purpose of Government is to focus on each and every child. Every Child Matter policy includes- It was the title published on Green Paper on SEPEMBE 8TH.2003, by the British Government to the imp mentation of the Children Act 2004. Every child is important for the British Government and it is trying to remove the inequalities between the children The policy is based on the themes- There is the great impact of Family and career in childs life. Every possible service to be provided for the support of children . If there are some crises in between people and children proper study must be done. . The professional that are working for early years must be provided special training and to fulfil their needs. Every Child Matter policy needs changes also like to be more creative and flexible in nature for the benefit of young ones. Its also helpful in empowering formal and informal professionals to work more confidently. It is easily applied for children having strength of 26, as 26 is not a big strength to control and take caring about them. Effectiveness of models leadership style Leadership is based on values and vision which motivate employees to do beer work (Tanuku and Edgington, 2006). The effectiveness of the models and style of leadership chosen by the Mother's Angles school should be realized in terms of social context. Thats why it is not an isolated activity of a single person, but rather that different people in team contribute to effective leadership which is therefore distributed in nature. The school's administration exhibits following characteristics 1) Being goal-oriented and set goals for himself. The ultimate goal of the school's administration is that every child develops properly and effectively such that he or she can into the main stream of the external world without any problem, get easily mingled in his society. 2) Use planning and has proper vision and confidence in his or her approach. They do regular staff meeting and planning and prepare their approaches in terms of activities for children, health care programs, proper inspections and through experimental learning they get confidence that whatever style they are adopting is according to need of children and are best practices that are being followed. 3) Having good working relationships with other workforce, kind and moderate with others who participate in leadership. The whole staff has created a better environment within the school and every person know his tasks well in advance. All of them participate in activities for children. 4) Being responsive to parents also able to communicate with them effectively. The staff organizes events for families and take proper feedback and appreciates their suggestions. In case of any emergencies, they inform parents. Small kids must be handled with love. Child brains develop most before the age of 5 years, Emphasis should be given from childcare workers to educators and that is the phase of building a scholarly base for the early childhood profession (Thomas et al., 2012). Researches have three main points to invest in children: If investment is made in the early years, it will be helpful to children in the future and be with him for a longer time. Second, if there are any changes in the atmospheres of childhood living it helps the young once. Third, the early investment for the children shows large impact, when children further go for higher education and learning. Parents who drop their child in Mothers Angle childcare can do their work better with peace which also increase their employment. They are able to provide extra income which is beneficial for children. Parents showed interest in child care only after seeing the effectiveness of professionals, and their trust and hard work help the parents to satisfy their mental level and they can do their jobs effectively (Sethuraman and Suresh, 2014). When child and parents are satisfied with growth in terms of economically and physically society automatically becomes more developed. Economically sound atmosphere reduces the crime level, especially among children, which, is the great progress of any nation (Taggart, 2015). Conclusion: Demand for care and education in early year of childhood, gaining, lots of attention in the last decade in areas like Crumpsall. The manager of Mothers Angles has an effective team and hardworking staff for special care of children. Leadership in the early years also requires certain skills and training which are important for effective leadership and these includes most common one communication services, executive and problem-solving services, personal behavioural skills and organizational skills. The present age demand has changed from childcare workers to educators and Mothers Angles in Crumsall is good example for that. References Bush, T. (2012). Leadership in the Early Years: Making a Difference.Educational Management Administration Leadership, 40(3), pp.287-288. Chapparamani, D. and Jyothi, P. (2011). Review of Literature on Leadership and Leadership Qualities.IJAR, 4(2), pp.7-9. Chiu, E. (2010). Essential qualities and tasks of leadership.Asia-Pacific Psychiatry, 2(4), pp.176-176. Elfer, P. (2012). Emotion in nursery work: Work Discussion as a model of critical professional reflection.Early Years, 32(2), pp.129-141. Hordern, J. (2013). A productive system of early years professional development.Early Years, 33(2), pp.106-118. Lehrer, J. (2013). Accompanying early childhood professional reflection in Quebec: a case study.Early Years, 33(2), pp.186-200. Munn, P. (2009). Professional development and understanding childrens perspectives.International Journal of Early Years Education, 17(3), pp.177-178. Nicholson, J. and Maniates, H. (2015). Recognizing postmodern intersectional identities in leadership for early childhood.Early Years, 36(1), pp.66-80. Oberhuemer, P. (2013). Continuing professional development and the early years workforce.Early Years, 33(2), pp.103-105. Rogers, R. (2012). Leadership communication styles: a descriptive analysis of health care professionals.Journal of Healthcare Leadership, p.47. RRTVEIT, K. and SEVERINSSON, E. (2011). Leadership qualities when providing therapy for women who suffer from eating difficulties.Journal of Nursing Management, 20(5), pp.631-639. Schmid, H. (2006). Leadership styles and leadership change in human and community service organizations.Nonprofit Management Leadership, 17(2), pp.179-194. Sethuraman, K. and Suresh, J. (2014). Effective Leadership Styles.IBR, 7(9). Taggart, G. (2015). Sustaining care: cultivating mindful practice in early years professional development.Early Years, 35(4), pp.381-393. Tanuku, P. and Edgington, M. (2006). Do we need the Early Years Professional status?.Early Years Educator, 8(4), pp.6-7. Thomas, R., Bellin, J., Jules, C. and Lynton, N. (2012). Global leadership teams: diagnosing three essential qualities.Strategy Leadership, 40(3), pp.25-29.