Organizational Behavior Comparative Analysis Essay

Organizational Behavior Comparative Analysis - Essay Example And its immense success can be attributed to its unusual model and people management style, which will be discussed in detail in this document (Doganis, 2002). US Airways Airlines on the other hand is the fifth largest airline in the United States it merged with America West Airlines in 2005 but still retained its original name and culture. Even though it is a huge airline, its successes are nowhere near that of Southwest Airlines and in the following sections we will analyze the matter further (Doganis, 2002). While its business strategy and ability to make quick and very flexible decisions are seen to be the strong points of Southwest Airlines, it is very important to note that the people management aspect of the organization has proven to be an equally big strength. To this end it is the ability of the organization to appropriately manage its extremely diverse workforce that has helped the organization to scale the heights of profitability and success that has eluded many other airlines and in this particular case US Airways Airlines as well. At Southwest Airlines the organizations lays a huge emphasis on the employment of individuals from a variety of backgrounds such as ethnic minorities, individuals of color, individuals of different age groups and most importantly individuals with special needs. While it can be stated and that other airlines do the same, in the case of Southwest Airlines, such practices are not carried out of compulsion by the federal government or the need to take affirmative action but rather by its all inclusive management style that puts employees first as much as it puts customers first. This as we know is the first and most important step in the enhancing employee engagement. When employees feel that they are valued for their contributions as well as for the distinctly differently experiences and backgrounds that they can bring to the table they feel more valued and as result they automatically go the extra mile to ensure the success of the organisation by satisfying and delighting the clientele of the organisation as much as possible (Parvis, 2003). In the case of US Airways Airlines even though diversity is apparent to some extent, it has not been resorted to out of an increased value for the employees but rather due to the compulsions and the impositions of federal and state governments and affirmative action etc. Thus making its real intentions less clear, more ambiguous and leaving the employees less engaged and motivated to give their best to the organization. Management and Leadership Management and leadership are terms that are distinctly different from one another even though they are usually used interchangeably. However they are both very important to any organization that wishes to success and as in the case of Southwest Airlines the management and leadership of the organization has played a crucial role in the last three and half decades of its existence. In effect the management and leadership styles that have been adopted by the organization in past have been flexible, people oriented and most of visionary in nature. This

Project Risk Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 7

Project Risk Management - Essay Example ting because there are number of inputs into the sample model that are unknown and one technique is to obtain the approximate estimate for each input. The Monte Carlo models and methods use the probability distribution of the inputs and generated random inputs. On the contrary, if the approach used is the probability distribution rather than using the best single estimate or the inputs, it is not that easy and often simply impossible (Pietersz, 2011, n.p.) Risk Assessment Process is defined as the process in which businesses, companies and organizations focus on vital and serious areas of concern and prioritize resources in order to maximize the response and recovery efforts (Michigan State University, 2004, n.p.). In addition, risk management plan will not be more effective and complete if risk response strategies are not suitable in developing the mitigating risks (Ahmed, Azhar & Panthi, 2007, n.p.). The risk response matrix grid is populated by a (+) and a (-) signs because it is very useful in making and finalizing a certain decisions. The Grid Analysis (+) sign describes the number of good or positive alternatives to select from and other factors to consider while the (-) sign is not clear and preferred another option to choose from (Manktelow, 2011, n.p.). Thus, I would prefer to use the Monte Carlo Method as it helps a lot in solving mathematical problems in a fast and easy manner. The (+) and (-) signs that are used in Risk Response Matrix contributes in making decisions confidently, clusters the good ideas from bad ones and lesser the time required when people are struggling to make decision. Ahmed, S.M., Azhar, S. & Panthi K. (2007). Risk Matrix as a Guide to Develop Risk Response Strategies, n.p. Retrieved on December 9, 2011 from http://ascpro0.ascweb.org/archives/cd/2007/paper/CPRT145002007.pdf. Michigan State University: School of Criminal Justice. (2004, February 25). Risk Assessment Matrix (RAM) Process (n.p.). Retrieved on December 9, 2011 from

Human Resource Management history Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Human Resource Management history - Assignment Example Academics have responded positively to meet the challenges raised by the globalization of business by investigating a number of issues and problems related to international business. They have attempted to examine management from a cross-national viewpoint. This comparison of HRM policies and practices at a national level helps to test the convergence-divergence thesis. The typical questions pursued by comparative researchers are: (1) how is HRM structured in individual countries. (2) What strategies are discussed (3) What is put into practice (4) What are the similarities and differences (5) What is the influence of national factors such as culture, government policy, and education systems This paper assumes that the team members are not in close proximity to each other and the team leader might not always be in the same place as the team. The cross-cultural team consists of at least three different nationalities, with one member from the UK, one from South Asia and one from Eastern Europe. This paper also assumes that members of the team will differ in the three major values of power distance, uncertainty avoidance and human orientation. Strategies Both tangible and intangible dimensions of human resources are essential in developing a global competitive personnel profile that is unique, valuable, difficult to replicate, and provides the organization with a sustainable competitive advantage. Tangible human resource dimensions relate to the process, procedures, and systems established to identify, select, train, motivate, and retain the most competent personnel in the organization. Alternatively, intangible dimensions of human resources include the culture, learning capability, innovativeness, and collective action of the employees. Leveraging a firm's internal resources across its global network requires competent boundary-spanning managers developed within the firm's strategic global human resource management (SGHRM) system. Performance management requires managers to review regularly, with their teams and the individuals reporting to them, performance in relation to agreed objectives, the factors that have affected performance and the development and training needs that emerge from this analysis. Expatriates, having been socialized and developed in the headquarters, possess an intimate knowledge of the firm's internal resources, both in terms of their tangible and intangible dimensions, therefore, it is proposed: Proposition 1. If the firm's internal resources are critical for creating and sustaining a competitive advantage against rivals in a foreign market, then the global organization will assign management of that

The Value of Digital Privacy in an Information Technology Age Essay

The Value of Digital Privacy in an Information Technology Age - Essay Example Another technology is the RFID tags. This stands for radio frequency identification and it involves the use of electronic magnets for purposes of tracking and identification of objects attached to the RFID tags. These tags have the capability of storing information in an electronic manner, and these data are read by using magnetic fields. A researcher can access the information of an individual without his or her knowledge by use of these RFID tags (Keizer, 2012). This is because the tags can be implanted within individuals, and this increases the possibility of reading private information of an individual without their consent. The use of these tags has raised privacy concerns in United States of America. Having knowledge of such technology has its advantages and disadvantages. One advantage that the public has if they know this kind of information is that they will take measures of protecting their privacy. For instance, people won’t just provide their DNA details, names and addresses without confirming on why this type of information is required. This is in respect to the use of biometric technology in conducting a search for an individual. Another advantage is that the public would seek various measures of complaining to the authorities in case their privacy is breached. For instances, marketers can use the cloud computing technology to identify the consumption habits of individuals, and thereafter develop marketing programs that reflect their consumption habits. This usually involves perusing through the personal information of individuals without their consent. This practice is unethical, and needs to be condemned (Smith,... According to the report  the cloud computing technology involves a subscription based consumption of technological services. In this type of technology, the software and hardware systems of a computer system are delivered through the internet. This type of computer technology involves the design of a cloud that can enable a computer user to focus on what he or she is looking for. On this basis, the user does not need to worry about where the information he or she is looking for is stored.As the paper discusses according to the act, the federal government has the authority to monitor all the computer system used by suspected terrorists, and compels all banking institutions, telecom organization, and libraries to provide tangible information regarding a suspected terrorist. This should be done without their knowledge and consent. In my own opinion, this law is uncalled for, and a breach to the constitutional rights of individuals contained in the due process clause of the 14th amendm ent, which protects the right of privacy. This law also breaks the provisions contained in the fourth amendment of the American constitution, which guarantees the right of an individual against illegal searches and seizure. For instance, in Katz vs. United States, the Supreme Court denoted that the use of technology in eavesdropping on an individual’s private communication amounts to an illegal search, and it is therefore unconstitutional.

Quality and Patient Safety Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Quality and Patient Safety - Research Paper Example Moreover, human factors such as fatigue, depression, pressure, unfamiliar settings and medical complexities like use of powerful drugs, prolonged hospital stay and complicated health care technologies increase the probability for medical error occurrence. Furthermore, poor planning and decision making strategies lead to occurrence of system failures like complication development due to an increase in nurse staffing because of an increase in the number of patients and cost cutting mechanisms adopted by the health care facility also contribute to poor health care execution (JCR 114-124). To increase public awareness on this predicament, this report will discuss various quality health care and patient safety improvement activities that have been employed in the health industry. Quality and patient safety encompasses various activities which seek to improve patient safety, efficiency of health care to be more patient-centered, equitable and timely. Most of these activities have been summarized in models used to improve quality and patient safety in health care institutions. Health care facilities have taken the initiative of subjecting their physicians to a learning culture and team-based system approaches to enhance delivery of quality health care services that emulate patient safety. This is because physicians play an important role in the delivery of health care services. Therefore, their leadership and involvement in quality improvement activities is crucial to the success of implemented quality and patient safety programs.

Work Stress Essay Example for Free

Work Stress Essay We live with it, deal with it, and above all worry about it. Our way of life, the area in which we live, the economy, and our jobs can cause a great deal of stress. Not everyone deals with the same level of stress and there are several factors that can impact our lives and cause us to have higher or lower stress levels. We can have stressed caused by Cataclysmic events which according to Feldman (2009) are events that can affect many people at the same time and are â€Å"disasters such as tornado and plane crashes, as well as terrorist attacks†. (p418). Other factors are personal stressors and can be caused by events such as a divorce, death or a loved one or the loss of a job. (Feldman, 2009). The other category is what Feldman (2009) refers to as background stressors and are the things that impact our daily life. South Florida has many factors that contribute to our stress level, high unemployment rate 12.1% , high number of families living in poverty approximately 16%, (U.S. Census Bureau, American Fact Finder at (http://factfinder.census.gov), a housing crisis that has contributed to many residents losing their homes, overcrowded roads, high crime rate, and during hurricane season the weather. When we compare ourselves with people living in smaller cities, villages, other areas of the country or even other countries, or those whose socio economic status allows them to maintain their life style during difficult economic times we could probably see a difference in the stress level. Who has not stressed over driving in the Palmetto or I-95. Who has not stressed over the evening news or the possibility of not having a job in very difficult economic times? Who has not stressed over the possibility of being affected by the housing crisis? Who does not stress over a situation at work over which we have no control? These are stressors we live with and deal with on a daily basis. Work Stress and Mental Health Some people have higher levels of stress because they might have a very stressful job. Police officers, fire fighters, soldiers in a war zone, health care providers, long distance truck drivers, and yes, even educators (think of a classroom full of students where you are responsible for making sure that they are learning the skills they need to succeed) have very stressful jobs. According to Elkin and Rosch (1990) workplace related stress in a major problem in the U.S. and it creates a major expense for corporations. Koeske, Kirk, and Koeske (1993) indicate that all jobs have some level of stress but jobs that are in the human services have additional stressors because they â€Å"derive from intense involvement in the lives of others†. (p.319). They also refer to the type of stress experienced by individuals working in human services as â€Å"burnout† (Koeske, Kirk, and Koeske, 1993, p.319). Another factor that can influence our stress level is how we handle lifeâ€℠¢s demands. There are different ways of reacting to the situations we face every day of our lives. We have all heard of expressions such as ‘road rage’ and ‘going postal’. These are terms that we have come to identified with violent reactions to stressors caused by situations all of us face every day. How many of us have experiences in the road that would cause us to display behavior that is outside of what we consider to be within a normal range? How many of us have had experiences at work with a supervisor or a coworker where we have had to use all of our self control not to respond in an appropriate manner? We all have had these experiences and how we handle them depends on different factors such as our own characteristics, or external factors that could be impacting us at any particular moment. Symptoms of stress and anxiety caused by work According to Tetrick and LaRocco (1987) â€Å" work conditions can lead to perception of stress. Perceived stress, in turn, leads to job-related strains such as dissatisfaction, boredom, and turnover, and to individual strains such as anxiety, depression, and physical illness† (p.538). There are other factors that can cause high level of stress in a job for example high demands on the part of an employer, (i.e. constant deadlines, extended work hours) and low control on the part of the employee (i.e. very little control over the day to day activities in the workplace) and low rewards for effort can increase the chances of having serious health problems such as anxiety, use of prescription or over the counter drugs to deal with stress. (Workplace Mental Health Promotion, 2010). According to Tetrick and Larocco (1987) in addition to these external factors related to our jobs and the type of work conditions we have we also have internal factors that they call â€Å"internal char acteristics (i.e., personal characteristics) and external conditions (i.e., situational characteristics)† (p. 358). Pachner (2010) stated that In response to feelings of insecurity or ineffectiveness many people can avoid social interactions with colleagues and can develop physical symptoms such as headaches, insomnia, high blood pressure and even heart attacks. Many of us have experiences these types of feelings or reactions when we have found ourselves in stressful jobs. These health related issues can impact the individual, his/her family, the workplace environment and the community in general. Higher costs for health care, incidents of road rage or workplace violence, as well as in some instances domestic violence can all be linked to stressed caused by work. Individuals at risk of experiencing conditions of stress and anxiety As indicated before most of us are at risk of experiencing stress and a burnout feeling at any time. Those of us who are in the fields where we deal with people or a daily basis or where high demands and where we have little control of our work environment will be more impacted than others. Additionally as mentioned before certain type of personality characteristics will increase or levels of stress. Some of the internal characteristics might be our way of handling difficult situations, our need to control our environment, our need to overachieve, even our need to please others. Some individuals have a need to have control over all aspects of their lives and when decisions are made by others and they have no control over these decisions it impacts their well being. Stressful jobs such as those involving high risk or oneself, i.e. law enforcement, military duty in a war zone, can cause higher level of stress. Jobs where demands are placed in our abilities to deal with others can also create stress, i.e., healthcare professionals, customer service personnel, teachers, and other professionals who deal directly with others. The stress caused by these types of jobs can influence our health, our attitudes, and even our home life. In many instances individuals do not have the opportunity to decompress before arriving home to deal with the other stressors that we all confront. When we leave our jobs we then need to face the different challenges surrounding us in our community i.e. traffic, weather, etc. Dealing with stress and anxiety According to Elkin and Rosch (1990) To prevent burnout individuals need to monitor their mental and physical health and maintain a healthy lifestyle that includes a healthy diet, leisure time and connecting with family and friends. All of us need to understand the importance of maintaining a healthy equilibrium between work and our own personal life. Giving in to the demands of a stressful job can only serve to create additional health problems such as heart conditions, high blood pressure, dependency on over the counter, illegal, or prescription drugs. It will also contribute to other problems such as lack of sleep, isolation, and sometimes depression. Perhaps we need to look at how other societies live their daily lives. For example traveling in the Mediterranean, specially the Greek islands, can give you a different perspective of how life can be. The Greek Islands have a low rate of heart disease and having traveled there myself I can see how their lifestyle contributes to that l ow risk. They are very active and involved in activities that promote healthy lifestyles i.e. fishing. They eat healthy and most of the time is food that is prepared in a healthy way. They take time to rest during the day and they take the time to enjoy family and friends and establish social connections. We, on the other hand, because of our work schedules, the time it takes us to get to and from work, the demands we place on ourselves, rarely have time to socialize and spend time with family or friends. Perhaps corporations should take into consideration the need to provide time for employees to establish relationships at work that are not just work related but that go beyond the routine of the workplace. Encouraging employees to have an active life style would also help the stress since physical activity reduces stress level. Having a good health insurance that promotes healthy life style such as by encouraging preventing medicine and membership in health clubs will contribute to reduce the stress level. We also need to take proactive steps to reduce the stress level caused by our jobs. One of the steps we can take is to accept that our personality can play a major role on how we adapt and deal with the job demands and take steps to change the extra stress we create for ourselves. If we like to control what we do at all times and like to plan ahead for all events but work in a job that is constantly changing we can begin by accepting that we can control the time we leave for work, what we take for lunch, and what route we take to get to and from work and that will give us a sense of control for at least part of the day. If we like to achieve perfection or please those around us we can begin by establishing realistic goals that we can achieve every day rather than trying to be the best in all possible aspects. Understanding ourselves, our needs, our personality, and the demands of our jobs can help us to decrease the level of stress we experience. There are factors over which we have no control i.e. the crime rate in our area, the weather, the overcrowded highways, etc. However we can certainly control other aspects of our lives such as how we handle the demands of our job, the type of lifestyle we choose to live and the amount of quality time we choose to spend with family and friends who are important to us. Knowledge and Career Understanding that there is an entire group of problems that are known as â€Å"psychophysilogical disorders that often result or are worsened by stress† (Feldman, 2009, p.421) can help us to realize that these are very real medical problems that are â€Å"influenced by an interaction of psychological, emotional, and physical difficulties† Feldman, 2009, p.421). Having gained some basic knowledge of the different aspects of what can cause stress in our lives such as work, environment, social demands, etc. can help us manage our lives and careers in a way that will help us to achieve our goals, maintain healthy relationships, succeed at our jobs, and maintain a healthy life style. According to Feldman (2009) our relationship with others can help us deal with our stress. The social support we can establish can help us to lower our stress level and the support we show others can help them as well. Coping with the daily stressors we face, and doing so as a member of a group of family, friends, coworkers, or neighbors can help us to maintain a healthy level of stress and will certainly reduce the risk of health problems associated with major stress in our life. This will in turn help us to be successful in our careers because we will achieve a healthy balance of work goals, family goals, community commitment, and a sense of well being.

Developing a professional portfolio

Developing a professional portfolio A professional portfolio is one of the best ways for a professional to showcase their knowledge, skills and experience in their field. Educators will learn the value of a portfolio for job acquisition and career development as they work through the content and format of their own personal and professional portfolio. Developing a Professional Portfolio What is a Professional Portfolio? Organized collections of work compiled for a specific purpose related to the demonstration of ones learning, skills, and accomplishments. They contain purposefully organized documentation that clearly demonstrates specific knowledge, skills, dispositions and accomplishments achieved over time. The Process Involves 4 Steps Select personal or professional goal. Collect actual items and documents that could demonstrate what you are doing to reach your goal. Decide which items best illustrate your achievement of or progress toward the goal. Determine how to present the selected items. Purpose/Benefit of the Professional Portfolio First, the portfolio process helps students to reframe how they see themselves as learners. It encourages them to think about their learning, and the learning environment, in critical and meaningful ways to become mindful, intentional, self-directed learners. For many learners, the portfolio process reignites their intellectual curiosity, the same quality we admire and seek to foster in children. Second, the portfolio process provokes adult learners to look at education differently as integrative and ongoing reaching far beyond the confines of the classroom and continuing throughout life. We have heard so often from students over the years that they have felt that their college classes were irrelevant and had no connection to â€Å"real life.† Many have experienced higher education as a series of hoops one jumps through to get the â€Å"piece of paper.† On the contrary, students who have experienced the portfolio process report a high degree of connectedness between what they do in the college classroom and what they experience beyond the classroom door. The real-world nature of portfolio work bridges the theory-to-practice gap in ways that result in meaningful learning and change. Course content ceases to be the stuff one crams for a test and soon forgets. It comes to be owned by the learner, and therefore it becomes part of the fabric of ones professional life and development. Difference Between Personal Professional Portfolio http://www.unhm.unh.edu/pdf/Career-Portfolio.pdf> Retrieved on 17-May-2011 Contents of a Professional Portfolio Design and Develop a Format and Building Your Portfolio Step 1: Title Page Course Name Assignment Name Student Name/Community Step 2: Table of Contents Outlines the order of your Portfolio Introduction Personal Philosophy Current Resume References Reference Letter Collection of Work Professional Development Closing Remarks Step 3: Introduction of Self- characteristics, qualities, personal traits, values, beliefs Introduce your self. name, community and a little bit about yourself. Include characteristics, qualities, personal traits, values and beliefs you have that will support your position as an EA or ECE. Personal Qualities Skills Checklist Review this list of personal qualities and skills and check those that you believe you exhibit adaptable good natured artistic honest calm industrious confident patient considerate pleasant dependable practical discreet punctual energetic reasonable fair-minded reliable flexible responsible helpful self-confident attentive stable loyal accurate meticulous ambitious open-minded clear-thinking organized competitive persevering cooperative realistic curious resourceful eager thorough enthusiastic versatile intelligent active logical alert methodical assertive outgoing broad-minded precise competent purposeful conscientious productive creative steady determined tenacious efficient trustworthy enterprising understanding Transferable Skills Checklist Review this list of transferable skills and check all the skills that you think you have. adapt to situation advise people analyze data arrange function assemble product audit records budget money build buy products/service calculate numbers check for accuracy collect money communicate compare data construct buildings coordinate activities cope with deadline create delegate design detail do precision work draft drive edit establish estimate evaluate examine expedite explain file records find information fix/repair follow direction follow through gather information gather materials generate handle equipment help people illustrate implement improve inspect products install instruct invent investigate learn quickly listen locate information log information make decisions make policy manage a business meet the public move material obtain operate equipment order goods/supplies organize data own/operate business paint plan prepare material print process material produce promote record data reduce costs replace report information research restore retrieve information review schedule sell review service equipment set goals set-up equipment set-up system solve problems supervise support survey tend equipment test track train transfer translate troubleshoot type update information upgrade verify work quickly write procedures write proposals write reports Characteristics of a Good Educator Review this list of characteristics of a good educator and check those that you believe you exhibit Characteristics Behaviors, attitudes, abilities, skills Articulate Communicates so children and families understand Available Interacts responsively with children and families Caring Demonstrates compassion and empathy Committed Devoted to caring for children Creative Uses a variety of teaching strategies Fair Responds to each child equitable Flexible Demonstrates ability to adapt to situations Fun Has a sense of humor Individualizes Adapts program to individual childs needs and interests Knowledgeable Knows current teaching strategies and materials and matches them to childrens interests, needs and developmental levels Motivating Promotes active involvement; makes learning fun Open Sees things from others perspectives Organized Arranges environment, materials, time and curriculum plans Patient and pleasant Even tempered, uses effective voice tone and gestures Professional Conscientious about carrying out responsibilities; uses strategies to keep personal pressures from interfering Reflective Reflects upon performance and accepts constructive feedback Identify Who are the Team Members in Child Care and Education This is a Story about Four People A Fun Little Story About Four  People Retrieved on 17-May-2011 What Is A Team? A team consists of a collection of people who interact with each other, usually face to face, over time in order to reach goals. A Child Care/Classroom Team Consists Of children staff parents administrators support services (The list varies depending on the needs of children, program, and members involved) Characteristics and Skills of Team Members Building Cohesiveness Cohesiveness is what takes place that causes members to feel apart of a team and make them want to remain on that team. Highly cohesive team members spend more time interacting, and there are more expressions of positive feelings for one another as well as report more satisfaction with the team and its work. Cohesive teams have greater control over the behavior of other members. Highly cohesive teams have the potential to be productive. The goal of the team is to boost cohesiveness in a way that also helps get the job done. There are eight factors that can enhance cohesion in a professional team. Shared or Compatible Goals: People draw closer when they share a similar aim or when their goals can be mutually satisfied. Progress Toward These Goals: While a team is making progress, members feel highly cohesive: when progress stops, cohesiveness decreases. Shared Norms and Values: Although successful teams will tolerate and even thrive on some differences in members attitudes and behavior, wide variation in the teams definition of what actions or beliefs are proper will reduce cohesiveness. ack of Perceived Threat Between Members: Cohesive team members see no threat to their status, dignity, and material or emotional well-being. Often competition arises with teams, and as a result members feel threatened. Interdependence of Members: Teams become cohesive when their needs can be satisfied only with the help of other members. Threats from Outside the Team: When members perceive a threat to the teams existence or image (teams have self-concepts, just as individuals do), they grow closer together. Mutual Perceived Attractiveness and Friendship: Teams often become close simply because members like each other. Shared Team Experiences: When members have been through some unusual or trying experiences, they draw together. Nature of Conflict Conflict -Conflict is an expressed struggle between at least two interdependent parties who perceive incompatible goals, scarce resources, and interference from other party in achieving their goals. -Conflict can only exist if both parties are aware of the disagreement. -Conflict is natural. So are the associated feelings. -Hurt, Anger, Frustration, etc. can make conflict intense -Every relationship of any depth has conflict -No matter how close, how understanding, how compatible you are with each other your ideas, actions, and needs wont always match. Example of Conflict Conflict: Neighbors Music Keeps You Awake All Night Incompatible Goals: Neighbor wants to enjoy to loud music at night and you want get a good night sleep. Scarce Resources: Your neighbor or you will loose out. Interference From Other Party In Achieving Their Goals: Does the neighbor achieve their goal of enjoying loud music at night and you loose sleep? Or will you achieve your goal of a good night sleep and the neighbor does not get to achieve their goal of listening to loud music at night? Impossible to Avoid Conflict Since it is impossible to avoid conflicts, the challenge is to develop effective communication and constructive conflict resolution skills. listening carefully empathy relating to the other persons side effective communication Remember. ..conflict can actually keep good relationships strong and may help to clear the air. Personal Conflict Styles Nonassertive Behavior inability or unwillingness to express thoughts or feelings of conflict Direct Aggression communicator expresses a criticism or demand face to face that threatens the person at whom it is directed Passive Aggression the communicator expresses hostility in an obscure way Indirect Communication conveys a message in a roundabout manner Assertion a message expresses the speakers needs, thoughts, and feelings clearly and directly without judging or dictating to others Conflict Style Approach to Others Decision Making Self-Sufficiency Behavior in Problem Situations Response of Others Success Pattern Non Assertive Im not OK; youre OK Let others choose Low Flees; gives in Disrespect, guilt, anger, frustration Succeeds by luck or charity of others Directly Aggressive Im OK, youre not OK Choose for others. They know it. High or Low Outright attack Hurt, defensiveness, humiliation Feels compelled to beat out others Passive Aggressive Im OK, youre not OK. (But Ill let you think you are.) Chooses for others. They dont know it. Looks high, but usually low Concealed Attack Confusion, frustration, feelings of manipulation Wins by manipulation Indirect Im OK, your not OK or Im not OK, your re Ok. Chooses for others. They dont know it. High or low Strategic Unknowing compliance or resistance Unwitting compliance of others Assertive Im Ok youre OK Chooses for self. Usually high Direct Confrontation Mutual Respect Attempts win-win solutions Which Style is Best? You may say assertive communication is superior because it allows you to express yourself honestly, and seems to have the greatest chance of success but it is an oversimplification to say that any one style is best. Factors it Depends on: The Situation The Receiver Your Goals Assertion in Conflict Resolution (Also know as the clear message format..I statements) A complete assertive message has five parts: Behavioral Description describing an event without interpreting it. Interpretation attaching meaning to the behavior. Feeing clarifying the impact. How do you feel about this angry frustrated confused? Consequence explaining the result Intention communicating where you stand; or, request of others; or, description of how you plan to act in the future. Methods of Conflict Resolution Strategies Method of Conflict Resolution Description Win-Lose Problem Solving one party gets what he/she wants typical of an either-or situation power is the distinguishing characteristic Lose-Lose Problem Solving neither side is satisfied Compromise Problem Solving gives both parties some of what they wanted, and both make sacrifices success depends on the satisfaction of the parties Win-Win Problem Solving goal is to find a solution that satisfies everyone involved Although a win-win approach sounds ideal, it is not always possible, or even appropriate. Choosing the Most Appropriate Method of Conflict Resolution Consider deferring to the other person When you discover you are wrong When the issue is more important to the other person that it is to you To let others learn by making their own mistakes When the long-term cost of winning may not be worth the short-term gains Consider Compromise When there is not enough time to seek a win-win outcome When the issue is not important enough to negotiate at length When the other person is not willing to seek a win-win outcome Consider Competing When the issue is important and the other person will take advantage of your noncompetitive approach Consider Cooperating When the issue is too important for a compromise When a long-term relationship between you and the other person is important When the other person is willing to cooperate Win-Win Communication Skills and Steps Win-Win process is difficult!! people feel the need to compete emotional reflexes prevent constructive solutions require both partys cooperation Step 1 Identify your Problem and Unmet Needs realize that the problem is yours you are the one dissatisfied! what are your unmet needs? clearly describe each without judgment or evaluation (to yourself) Step 2 Make a Date recognize that immediately may not be the best time find a mutually convenient time Step 3 Describe your Pr